The frame is the structural backbone of the press brake, designed to withstand high bending forces.
Side Frames (Columns): Two vertical columns made of heavy-duty steel to ensure rigidity and stability.
Bed (Table): A flat, horizontal surface where the lower die (die holder) is mounted.
Crowning System: An adjustable mechanism (mechanical or hydraulic) to compensate for deflection in the bed during bending, ensuring uniform pressure across the workpiece.
The core power source for generating bending force. Key components include:
Hydraulic Pump: Generates pressurized oil flow (typically gear, vane, or piston pumps).
Hydraulic Cylinders: Located on both sides of the ram, they convert hydraulic pressure into linear motion to drive the ram downward.
Oil Tank: Stores hydraulic fluid and ensures temperature control (may include cooling/heating systems).
Valves:
Directional Control Valves: Regulate oil flow to control ram movement (up/down).
Pressure Relief Valves: Protect the system from overloading.
Proportional Valves (in advanced models): Enable precise speed and pressure adjustments.
The moving upper beam that applies force to the workpiece via the upper die.
Synchronization System: Ensures both sides of the ram move uniformly. Common types:
Torsion Bar Synchronization: Mechanical linkage for mid-range machines.
Hydraulic Synchronization: Uses servo valves and sensors for high-precision CNC models.
Tool Clamp: Secures the upper die (punch) to the ram, often using wedge or hydraulic clamping systems.
Positions the workpiece accurately for consistent bends.
Axes: CNC-controlled motors adjust the gauge’s position along multiple axes (X, Y, Z, R).
Fingers (Stops): Adjustable mechanical or pneumatic stops to align the metal sheet.
Sensors: Provide feedback to the CNC system for precise positioning.
Interchangeable tools that shape the metal:
Upper Die (Punch): Attached to the ram, available in various shapes (e.g., V-shape, acute angle, radius).
Lower Die (Die Holder): Mounted on the bed, often with a V-opening to match the punch.
Die Inserts: Replaceable sections to accommodate different bending angles and radii.
Manages machine operation and precision:
CNC Controller: Computer interface for programming bend sequences, angles, and back gauge positions.
Angle Measurement: Uses sensors (e.g., linear encoders) or a Crowning System to monitor and correct bend angles in real time.
Human-Machine Interface (HMI): Touchscreen panel for inputting parameters and monitoring performance.
Critical for operator protection:
Light Curtains: Laser or infrared beams that halt the ram if an obstruction is detected.
Two-Hand Control: Requires both hands to activate the bending cycle.
Emergency Stop (E-Stop): Instantly cuts power to the machine.
Safety Guards: Physical barriers to prevent access to moving parts.
Lubrication System: Automatic oil/grease dispensers to reduce wear on moving parts.
Cooling System: Maintains optimal hydraulic oil temperature.
Foot Pedal: Allows manual control of ram movement during setup.
Hydraulic Cylinders → Generate bending force.
CNC Controller → Ensures repeatability and precision.
Synchronization System → Eliminates ram tilt for uniform bends.
Back Gauge → Positions the workpiece for multi-step bending.
Hydraulic press brakes are used in industries requiring high-tonnage bending, such as automotive, shipbuilding, and structural steel fabrication. Their modular design allows customization for complex geometries and thick materials ( stainless steel, aluminum).
